PHP - MySQL Tutorial for Beginners

PHP - MySQL Tutorial for BeginnersWhat is PHP ?

    PHP stands for PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor
    PHP is a server-side scripting language ( set in the server ) , as well as ASP
    PHP scripts are executed only on the server
    PHP supports many databases ( MySQL , Informix , Oracle , Sybase , Solid , PostgreSQL , Generic ODBC , etc. . )
    PHP is an open - source software
    PHP is FREE and FREE use anyone
Overview of the PHP file ?

    PHP files can contain text , HTML tags or PHP scripts themselves or their combination ,
    With the help of a webserver , PHP files to be delivered to the browser in HTML
    PHP files usually have a. Php , . Php3 , . Php4 , . Php5 , . Phps , as well . Phthml
Overview of MySQL ?

    MySQL is a database server software
    MySQL is ideal for both small and large-scale applications
    MySQL supports standard SQL language fully applicable
    MySQL is available on many operating system platforms
    MySQL is FREE and INDEPENDENT used by anyone
About PHP + MySQL
PHP combined with MySQL use is very suitable , and available as a cross - platform solution ( can be used on Windows servers and server Linux / * nix )Why Should PHP ?

    PHP can run on several different platforms ( Windows , Linux , Unix , etc. . )
    PHP is very compatible with a variety of server software that is available today ( eg Apache , IIS , Lighttpd , etc. )
    PHP is FREE download from his official web http://www.php.net
    PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently and fairly only on the server side
Where to begin?
To be able to learn PHP - MySQL optimally, you need a server that has PHP installed . You can perform a server installation on your local computer or hire a hosting that supports PHP hosting provider nearby . In continuation of this tutorial , we will try to install Apache server on the local computer with the OS variations .

OSI LAYER DEFINITIONS

I. DEFINITIONS

The main problem in the communication between computers from different vendors is because they use protocols and data formats are different. To overcome this, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to create a communication architecture known as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model defines a standard for connecting computers from different vendors.

The OSI model consists of 7 layers, and the second layer also has a number of sub-layer (divided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)). Consider the following table:

 

  

II . LAYER FUNCTIONS1 . Physical layerIt is the simplest layer ; related to electrical ( and optical ) connections between equipment . Binary data encoded in a form that can be transmitted through the network media , for example cables , transceivers and connectors associated with the Physical layer . Equipment such as repeaters , hubs and network cards are located in this layer .

2 . The data - link layerThis layer a little more " intelligent " than the physical layer , as it provides real data transfer . As a liaison between the media and the network layer protocol that is more high - level , data link layer is responsible at the end of the binary data packet from a higher level to a discrete package prior to the physical layer . Will send the frame ( block of data) through a network . Ethernet ( 802.2 and 802.3 ) , Tokenbus ( 802.4 ) and TokenRing ( 802.5 ) is a protocol in the data - link layer .

3 . Network layerThe main task of the network layer is to provide routing functionality so that packets can be sent out from a local network segment to a destination that is on a different network . IP , Internet Protocol , commonly used for this task . Other protocols such as IPX , Internet Packet eXchange . Novell company has been programmed into the protocol , such as SPX ( Sequence Packet Exchange ) and NCP ( NetWare Core Protocol ) . This protocol has been incorporated into the Netware operating system . Some functions may be performed by the Network Layer

    Dividing the binary data stream into discrete packets with a certain length
    detecting Error
    Fix the error by sending reset packets corrupted
    controlling the flow

4 . Transport layerData transport layer , using protocols such as UDP , TCP and / or SPX ( Sequence Packet eXchange , which one is used by NetWare , but specifically for connection -oriented IPX ) . Transport layer is the center of fashion - OSI . This layer provides a reliable and transparent transfer between two end points , this layer also provides multiplexing , flow control and error checking and repair .

5 . Session layerSession layer , as the name suggests , is often mistaken as the network and logon procedures related to safety . This layer provides services to the layer above two , Coordinate communication between the entities layer represents. Some protocols at this layer : NETBIOS : a session interface and protocol , developed by IBM , which provides services to the presentation layer and application layer . NETBEUI , ( NETBIOS Extended User Interface ) , a development of that used on the NETBIOS Microsoft networking products , such as Windows NT and LAN Manager . ADSP ( AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol ) . PAP ( Printer Access Protocol ) , which is contained in the Postscript to access the printer on the AppleTalk network .

6 . Presentation layerPresentation layer of the OSI model perform only a single function : translation of various types in the system syntax . For example , a connection between the PC and the mainframe requires conversion from EBCDIC character- encoding format to ASCII and many factors to consider . Data compression ( and encryption that may be ) handled by this layer .

7 . Application layerThis layer is the most " intelligent " , the gateway is at this layer . Gateway does the same job as a router , but there is a difference between them . Application Layer is the primary interface between the application running on one computer and network resources that require access to it . Application layer is the layer in which the user would operate him , protocols such as FTP , telnet , SMTP , HTTP , POP3 is at the Application layer .

Android

 

World is contracting with the growth of mobile phone technology. As the number of users is increasing day by day, facilities are also increasing. Starting with simple regular handsets which were used just for making phone calls, mobiles have changed our lives and have become part of it. Now they are not used just for making calls but they have innumerable uses and can be used as a Camera , Music player, Tablet PC, T.V. , Web browser etc . And with the new technologies, new software and operating systems are required.

What is Android

Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. Starting from black and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows pocket PC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS and Android.

One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is ANDROID. Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating system but also middleware and key applications. Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of Android. 

 

 

Programming Languages

Programming Languages Create a Website
Programming language is a standard technique to govern computer instruction . Here is an explanation of the programming language used to create a website :

1 . HTML : HyperText Markup Language ( HTML ) is a markup language used to create a web page and display a variety of information in an Internet browser . HTML is now an Internet standard defined and controlled use by the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ) . HTML tags are codes that instructs the browser to produce in accordance with desired . A file is an HTML file can be opened using a web browser such as Mozilla Firefox , Microsoft Internet Explorer , and so forth . 

2 . PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor ( PHP ) is a scripting language most widely used today . PHP was first created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 . At that time PHP was named FI ( Form Interpreted ) , which is realized in the form of a set of scripts that are used to process data from the web form . PHP is widely used to create dynamic web sites , although it is possible to use for another use . PHP generally runs on a Linux operating system ( PHP can also be run with Windows hosting ) .

 3 . ASP : ASP stands for Active Server Pages which is a web programming language for creating dynamic web pages . ASP is a technology product that is provided by Microsoft . ASP works on a web server and a server side scripting .4 . XML : Extensible Markup Language ( XML ) is a markup language versatile W3C recommended to describe a wide variety of data . XML uses tags such as HTML markup but its use is not limited to a single web page display . XML is a method to create bookmarks / markup in a document .5 . WML : WML stands for Wireless Markup Language , the programming language used in applications based on XML ( Extensible Markup Langauge ) . WML is a programming language that is used in wireless applications . WML is analogous to HTML that runs on a wireless protocol .6 . PERL : is a programming language for the machine with the Unix operating system ( SunOS , Linux , BSD , HP - UX ) , is also available for operating systems such as DOS , Windows , BeOS , VMS , EBCDIC , and PocketPC . PERL is a programming language that is similar to the C programming language7 . CFM : CFM created using ColdFusion tags with Adobe ColdFusion software / BlueDragon / Coldfusion Studio . Syntax -based ColdFusion html .8 . Javascript : Javascript is a powerful scripting language that runs on the client side . JavaScript is a scripting language developed by Netscape . To run the script , written with JavaScript we need a JavaScript - enabled browser is a browser capable of running JavaScript .9 . CSS : Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ) is a stylesheet language used to manage the display of a document written in a markup language . The most common use of CSS for formatting web pages are written in HTML and XHTML . Nevertheless , the language itself can be used for all types of XML documents including SVG and XUL . CSS specifications set by the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C )